Abstract.Thepresentstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheprognosticfactorsforrecurrenceofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)followingcurativeresection,andevaluatetheefficacyofpostoperativeadjuvanttransarterialchemoembolization(TACE)inimprovingprognosis.AtotalofpatientswhounderwentcurativeresectionfollowedbyadjuvantTACE,andpatientswhounderwentcurativeresectionalonewerestudiedretrospectively.Univariateandmultivariateanalyseswereperformedtoinvestigatetheriskfactorsofrecurrence.Separatedbasedonriskfactors,subgroupstudieswereconductedandtheassociationbetweenTACEandrecur?rencerateswasexamined.PostoperativeoverallsurvivalratesweredeterminedusingtheKaplanMeiermethodanddifferencesbetweenthetwotherapeuticstrategieswereidenti?fiedthroughlogrankanalysis.Computerizedtomography(CT)/magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)imageswereusedtoevaluatethefunctionofpostoperativeadjuvantTACEforenhancingtheefficacyofCT/MRIindetectingrecurrence.Theresultsoftheunivariateandmultivariateanalysesrevealedthattumorcapsuleinvasion,vascularinvasion,andmultiplenoduleswereriskfactorsofearlyrecurrence.Forpatientswiththeseriskfactors,recurrenceratesweremarkedlydecreasedat6and12months,butnotat18and24months,ifTACEwasaddedtocurativeresection.ThehepatitisBvirus(HBV)wasariskfactorforlaterecurrence.PostoperativeTACEwasnoteffectiveinreducingtherecurrencerateinpatientswithHBV.SurvivalincreasedfollowingcurativeresectionwithTACE